EST_TVector.h

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/*                     University of Edinburgh, UK                       */
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/*                       Author :  Paul Taylor                           */
/*                       Date   :  April 1996                            */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*                           Vector class                                */
/*                                                                       */
/*=======================================================================*/

#ifndef __EST_TVector_H__
#define __EST_TVector_H__

#include <iostream>

#include "EST_bool.h"
#include "EST_rw_status.h"

#include "instantiate/EST_TVectorI.h"

template<class T> class EST_TMatrix;
template<class T> class EST_TList;
class EST_String;

/* A constants to make it clearer what is going on when we pass `-1'
  * meaning `current size' or `all the rest'
  */

extern const int EST_CURRENT;
extern const int EST_ALL;

/* When set bounds checks (safe but slow) are done on vector access */
#ifndef TVECTOR_BOUNDS_CHECKING
#    define TVECTOR_BOUNDS_CHECKING 0
#endif

#if TVECTOR_BOUNDS_CHECKING
#define A_CHECK a_check
#else
#define A_CHECK a_no_check
#endif

#define INLINE inline

/* This doesn't work as I thought so I have disabled it for now.
 */

#if defined(__GNUC__) && 0
#    define fast_a_v_gcc(C) \
    ( *((T *)\
          (((char (*) [sizeof(T)*p_column_step])p_memory) + (C))\
          ))
#    define fast_a_v_x(C) (fast_a_v_gcc(C))
#else
#    define fast_a_v_x(C) (fast_a_v(C))
#endif


/** @class EST_TVector
 *  @brief Template vector
 *  @ingroup containerclasses
 *  @tparam T Type of vector elements

    This serves as a base class for a vector
     of type `T`.  This acts as a higher level
     version of a normal C array as defined as `float *x`, etc.

     The vector can be resized after declaration, access can be 
     with or without bounds checking.  Round brackets denote read-only
     access (for consts) while square brackets are for read-write access.
     In both cases references are returned.

     The standard operators () and [] should be thought of as 
     having no bounds checking, though they may do so optionally
     as a compile time option.  The methods EST_TVector::a_check and 
     EST_TVector::a_nocheck provide explicit boundary checking/nonchecking,
     both const and non-const versions are provided.

     Access through () and [] are guaranteed to be as fast as standard
     C arrays (assuming a reasonable optimizing compiler).  

     @code{.cpp}
     EST_FVector x(10);
     int i;

     for (i=0; i < x.length(); ++i)
        x[i] = sqrt((float)i);
     
     x.resize(20);

     for (i=10; i < x.length(); ++i)
        x[i] = sqrt((float)i);

     @endcode

     To instantiate a template for a a vector of type `FooBar`

     @code{.cpp}
     #include "../base_class/EST_TVector.cc"
     // If you want List to vector conversion (and defined a TList)
     #include "../base_class/EST_Tvectlist.cc"
       
     template class EST_TVector<FooBar>;
     template std::ostream& operator << 
          (std::ostream &st, const EST_TVector<FooBar> &v);
     @endcode

     The EST library already has template vector instantiations for
     `int`, `float`, `double` and EST_String.  Also types are defined for them
     in \ref EST_types.h as EST_IVector, EST_FVector,
     EST_DVector and EST_StrVector for `int`s,
     `float`s, `doubles`s and \ref EST_String  respectively.

  * @see matrix_example */
template <class T> 
class EST_TVector 
{
  // protected:
public:
  /** Pointer to the start of the vector. 
    * The start of allocated memory is p_memory-p_offset.
    */
  T *p_memory; 

  /// Visible shape
  ssize_t p_num_columns;

  /// How to access the memory
  ssize_t p_offset;
  ssize_t p_column_step;
  
  bool p_sub_matrix;

  
  /// The memory access rule, in one place for easy reference
  INLINE ssize_t vcell_pos(ssize_t c, ssize_t cs) const
    {return cs==1?c:c*cs;}

  INLINE ssize_t vcell_pos(ssize_t c) const
    {
      return vcell_pos(c, 
              p_column_step);
    }

  INLINE ssize_t vcell_pos_1(ssize_t c) const
    {
      return c;
    }

  /// quick method for returning \(x[n]\)
  INLINE const T &fast_a_v(int c) const { return p_memory[vcell_pos(c)]; }

  INLINE T &fast_a_v(int c) { return p_memory[vcell_pos(c)]; }

  INLINE const T &fast_a_1(int c) const { return p_memory[vcell_pos_1(c)]; }
  INLINE T &fast_a_1(int c) { return p_memory[vcell_pos_1(c)]; }

  /// Get and set values from array
  void set_values(const T *data, int step, int start_c, int num_c);
  void get_values(T *data, int step, int start_c, int num_c) const;
    
  /// private copy function, called from all other copying functions.
  void copy(const EST_TVector<T> &a); 
  /// just copy data, no resizing, no size check.
  void copy_data(const EST_TVector<T> &a); 

  /// resize the memory and reset the bounds, but don't set values.
  void just_resize(int new_cols, T** old_vals);

  /// sets data and length to default values (0 in both cases).
  void default_vals();

public:
  ///default constructor
  EST_TVector(); 

  /// copy constructor
  EST_TVector(const EST_TVector<T> &v); 

  /// "size" constructor - make vector of size n.
  EST_TVector(ssize_t n); 

  /// construct from memory supplied by caller
  EST_TVector(int, 
          T *memory, int offset=0, int free_when_destroyed=0);

  /// destructor.
  ~EST_TVector();

  /// default value, used for filling matrix after resizing
  static const T *def_val;

  /** A reference to this variable is returned if you try and access
    * beyond the bounds of the matrix. The value is undefined, but you
    * can check for the reference you get having the same address as
    * this variable to test for an error.
    */
  static T *error_return;

  /** resize vector. If `set=1`, then the current values in
      the vector are preserved up to the new length `n`. If the
      new length exceeds the old length, the rest of the vector is
      filled with the `def_val`
  */
  void resize(ssize_t n, int set=1); 

  /** For when you absolutely have to have access to the memory.
    */
  const T * memory() const { return p_memory; }
  T * memory(){ return p_memory; }

  /**@name Access
    * Basic access methods for vectors.
    */
  ///@{

  /// number of items in vector.
  INLINE ssize_t num_columns() const {return p_num_columns;}
  /// number of items in vector.
  INLINE ssize_t length() const {return num_columns();}
  /// number of items in vector.
  INLINE ssize_t n() const {return num_columns();}

  /// read-only const access operator: without bounds checking
  INLINE const T &a_no_check(ssize_t n) const { return fast_a_v_x(n); }
  /// read/write non-const access operator: without bounds checking
  INLINE T &a_no_check(ssize_t n) { return fast_a_v_x(n); }
  /// read-only const access operator: without bounds checking
  INLINE const T &a_no_check_1(ssize_t n) const { return fast_a_1(n); }
  /// read/write non-const access operator: without bounds checking
  INLINE T &a_no_check_1(ssize_t n) { return fast_a_1(n); }

  // #define pp_a_no_check(V,N) (pp_fast_a(V,N))

  /// read-only const access operator: with bounds checking
  const T &a_check(ssize_t n) const;
  /// read/write non-const access operator: with bounds checking
  T &a_check(ssize_t n);

  const T &a(ssize_t n) const { return A_CHECK(n); }
  T &a(ssize_t n) { return A_CHECK(n); }

  /// read-only const access operator: return reference to nth member
  const T &operator () (ssize_t n) const {return A_CHECK(n);}

  // PT
  // /// non const access operator: return reference to nth member
  //  T &operator () (int n) const {return a(n);}

  /// read/write non const access operator: return reference to nth member
  T &operator [] (ssize_t n) { return A_CHECK(n); }

  ///@}

  void set_memory(T *buffer, int offset, ssize_t columns,
          int free_when_destroyed=0);

  /// assignment operator
  EST_TVector &operator=(const EST_TVector &s);

  /// Fill entire array will value `v`.
  void fill(const T &v);

  /// Fill vector with default value
  void empty() { fill(*def_val); }

  /// is true if vectors are equal size and all elements are equal.
  int operator == (const EST_TVector &v) const;
  /// is true if vectors are not equal size or a single elements isn't equal.
  int operator != (const EST_TVector &v) const
    { return ! ((*this) == v); }

  /// Copy data in and out. Subclassed by SimpleVector for speed.

  void copy_section(T* dest, int offset=0, int num=-1) const;
  void set_section(const T* src, int offset=0, int num=-1);

  /// Create a sub vector.
  void sub_vector(EST_TVector<T> &sv, int start_c=0, int len=-1);
  /// print out vector.
    friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream &st, const EST_TVector<T> &m)
    {
        int i; 
        for (i = 0; i < m.n(); ++i) 
            st << m(i) << " ";
        st << std::endl; 
        return st;
    }

  /// Matrix must be friend to set up subvectors
  friend class EST_TMatrix<T>;

  void integrity() const;

};

/// assignment operator: fill track with values in list `s`.
template<class T>
extern EST_TVector<T> &set(EST_TVector<T> &v, const EST_TList<T> &s);

#undef A_CHECK
#endif